These Basic Linux commands will help you to navigate while you’re working in Linux OS.
List of basic commands:
- pwd(print working directory)
- ls(listing files and directory)
- mkdir(make directory)
- cd(change directory)
- rmdir(remove directory)
1.pwd:
- pwd stands for Print Working Directory.
- It prints the path of the working directory, starting from the root.
Syntax:
$ pwd
2.ls:
- ls stands for listing files and directories.
- ls command is used to view the content of your present working directory.
Syntax:
$ ls
There are variation you can use with the ls command:
- ls -l
- ls -a
- ls -al
- ls -R
a)ls -l:
- It will list files and directories in a long format.
- By using this command we can see the file permission, file size, time of modification and file or directory name.
Syntax:
$ ls<space>-l
b)ls -a:
- By using this command we can list the hidden files and directories
Syntax:
$ ls<space>-a
c)ls -al:
- This command is used to long list the hidden file and directories with file type and access permission, file size, owner, time and date modification etc.,
Syntax:
$ ls<space>-al
d)ls -R:
- It will list all the directories and files recursively as well.
Syntax:
$ ls<space>-R
3.mkdir:
- mkdir stands for make directory.
- This command is used to create or make a new directory.
Syntax:
Here I am creating the directory name user2.
$ mkdir<space><directory name>
4.cd:
- cd stands for change directory.
- It is used to change the current working directory.
Syntax:
Here I am changing from current working directory(home directory “~$”) to welcome(~/) directory.
$ cd<space><directory name>
Different functionalities of cd command :
a)cd / :
- This command is used to change from the current directory to the root directory.
- The root directory is the first directory in your filesystem.
Syntax:
$ cd<space>/
b)cd .. :
- This command is used to move the directory one level up from the current directory.
Syntax:
Here I am changing from the rose sub-directory back to welcome directory.
$ cd<space>..
c)cd ~:
- This command is used to change from the current directory to the home directory.
- It is also similar to the cd command.
Syntax:
$ cd<space>~
5)rmdir :
- rmdir stands for remove directory.
- This command is used to remove empty directories from the filesystem.
Syntax:
Here I am removing the user2 directory . This user2 directory is empty(no such files or sub-directories).
$ mkdir<space><directory name>
a)rm -r:
- It is used to remove the content of the directory and directory itself.
Syntax:
Here I am remove the dir2. This dir2 directory have a content of files(eg: file1 and file2 within the dir2 directory).
$ rm<space>-r<space><directory name>
I hope you understand the above article. Thank you for giving your valuable time.
